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UNITED NATIONS   UJEDINJENI NARODI

NATO   NATO

MULTINATIONAL DIVISION   MULTINACIONALNA DIVIZIJA

      Multinacionalna divizija centar (Multinational Division Central MND (C) je bila prva prava multinacionalna divizija NATO-a, nastala da bi odgovorila izazovima Hladnog rata i činili su je pripadnici iz četiri zemlje: Belgije, Nizozemske, Njemačke i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva. Štab im je bio u britanskoj vojnoj bazi u Njemačkoj JHQ Rheindahlen pored Mönchengladbacha. Operativni su postali 1994. godine i za punu bi mobilizaciju zemlje pripadnice osigurale po jednu padobransku ili zračno desantnu brigadu sa svim pratećim jedinicama (jedinicama borbene podrške i logistikom). Sa svojih 20.000 pripadnika bili su tada najznačajnija višenacionalna jedinica NATO-a za raspoređivanje širom svijeta. Kako se NATO sve više okretao prema drugimmsnagama za brzo djelovanje (takozvane „Visoko spremne snage“) štab i divizija su raspušteni 25. 10. 2002. godine.

      The Multinational Division Central MND (C), was a multi-national division in NATO for Central Europe and had its headquarters at the British base in JHQ Rheindahlen near Mönchengladbach. The concept for this first genuine multi-national division in NATO with its four participating nations - Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands originated during the Cold War. The airmobile MND (C) was to support Norther Army Group Central Europe (NORTHAG) as a reserve formation. The MND (C) achieved operational readiness on 1 April 1994. On the full activation of the division each nation was to make available a parachute or airmobile brigade, combat support units and supply units.

      MND-C, with a theoretical strength of 20,000 soldiers, was the most important of the multi-national rapid reaction forces stationed in Europe and had the capability of deploying on worldwide military intervention missions. Because NATO became increasingly focussed on other crisis reaction forces (the so-called High Readiness Forces (Land)), the headquarters of MND (C) was disbanded on 25 October 2002.

MULTINATIONAL CORPS NORTH EAST  MULTINACIONALNI KOPUS SJEVERO-ISTOK

      1997. ministri obrane Danske, Njemačke i Poljske odlučili su osnovati dansko-njemačko-poljski korpus. Ovaj je korpus trebao dobiti naziv Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok (Multinational Corps Northeast, MNC NE). Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok formiran je 18. rujna 1999. u Szczecinu u Poljskoj, koji je postao njegovo sjedište. Razvio se iz dugogodišnjeg jedinog multinacionalnog korpusa u NATO-u, savezničkih kopnenih snaga Schleswig-Holstein i Jutland (LANDJUT). Trinacionalna radna skupina osnovana je nakon odluke iz srpnja 1997. da Poljska treba biti primljena u NATO. Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok ima ključnu funkciju u integraciji novih država članica NATO-a.

      In July 1997, Ministers of Defence of Denmark, Germany and Poland decided to establish a Danish-German-Polish Corps. This corps was to be named Multinational Corps Northeast. Multinational Corps Northeast was formed on 18 September 1999 at Szczecin, Poland, which became its headquarters. It evolved from what was for many years the only multinational corps in NATO, Allied Land Forces Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland  (LANDJUT). A tri-national working group was established following the July 1997 decision that Poland was to be admitted to NATO. Multinational Corps North East has a key function in the integration of new NATO member states.

Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok

Multinacionalni korpus Sjeveroistok

      Od 2004. godine članice postaju Estonija, Latvija i Litva. 2005. Slovačka, Češka - 2005. SAD 2006., 2008. Rumunjska. Slovenija je 2009. godine ušla u obitelj MNC NE. U siječnju 2012. Hrvatska je službeno postala dvanaesta nacija Korpusa. U srpnju 2013. Mađarska i 2014. Švedska, koja nije članica NATO-a, poslale su svog predstavnika u Baltičku vojarnu. Godine 2015. turski, britanski, francuski i nizozemski časnici započeli su svoju dužnost u Szczecinu. Kanada, Island, Belgija, Norveška i Grčka pridružile su se Korpusu 2016. godine.

      Since 2004, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania become members. In 2005, Slovakia,  the Czech Republic - in 2005. The US in 2006, in 2008, Romania. In 2009, Slovenia entered the MNC NE family. In January 2012, Croatia officially became the twelfth nation of the Corps. In July 2013, Hungary and in 2014 Sweden, a non-NATO member, sent its representative to the Baltic Barracks. In 2015 Turkish, British, French and Dutch officers started their tours of duty in Szczecin. Canada, Iceland, Belgium, Norway and Greece joined the Corps in 2016.

      Borbene grupe su multinacionalne snage stalno stacionirane u zemlji domaćinu i osmišljene da djeluju uz vojsku te zemlje i ojačaju je u slučaju sukoba. Podršku im pružaju jedinice vojski članica NATO-a koje se rotiraju kroz zemlju domaćina, ali ostaju pod direktnom komandom svoje matične zemlje. NATO je priopćio da su saveznici nakon početka rata u Ukrajini odlučili formirati četiri nove multinacionalne borbene grupe, u Bugarskoj, Mađarskoj, Rumunjskoj i Slovačkoj, kako bi pojačali odvraćanje na istočnom krilu NATO-a. Te borbene grupe i četiri već uspostavljene u istočnoj Europi sadržavat će oko 30.000 vojnika.

      The battlegroups are multinational forces permanently stationed in the host country and designed to operate alongside and strengthen that country's military in case of conflict. They are supported by units from NATO-member militaries that rotate through the host country but remain under the direct command of their home country. The NATO stated that following the war in Ukraine, the Allies had decided to form four new multinational battlegroups, in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia in order to bolster the deterrence on NATO's eastern flank. Those battlegroups and the four already set up in Eastern Europe will contain some 30,000 troops.

     1. Njemačko-Nizozemski korpus je sastavljen od vojnika iz obadvije vojske i sastoji se od otprilike 25000 pripadnika. Komanda im je stacionirana u Njemačkoj, u Münsteru, bivšoj komandi 1. Njemačkog korpusa iz kojega je i izrasla ova sadašnja jedinica. Kao sastavni dio NATO-ovih snaga za brze reakcije uz njih su stacionirani i vojnici drugih NATO-ovih zemalja. Službeni im je jezik Engleski. Kada nisu u akciji, sastoje se samo od dvije jedinice: Štabnog bataljona za potporu (Münster) i Komunikacijskog i informatičkog bataljona (Eibergen and Garderen). Obje su ove jedinice dvonacionalnog sastava: Njemci i Nizozemci.

      1 German/Netherlands Corps is a multinational formation consisting of units from both the Dutch and German armies. It is also part of NATO's Response Force, a military force consisting of approximately 25.000 troops. The Corps headquarters are situated in Münster, formerly the headquarters of the German Army's I. Corps out of which 1 German/Netherlands Corps evolved. Due to its role as a NATO High Readiness Forces Headquarters, soldiers from other NATO member states are also stationed at Münster. The official language is English. When not deployed, 1 German/Netherlands Corps consists only of administration and logistic support. However, in an emergency the corps must be able to deploy and lead a military mission inside and outside NATO territory within twenty to thirty days. The following units are permanently part of HQ 1 German/Netherlands Corps: Staff Support Battalion (Münster) and Communication and Information Systems (CIS) Battalion (Eibergen and Garderen). All these units are fully binational, manned with German and Dutch soldiers.

Oznaka za beretke

Prsna oznaka

     Zeleni štit obrubljen žutom bojom je podloga znaka ovog korpusa, na kojem se nalazi bijeli mač što ga drže dvije ruke u rukavicama koje na sebi imaju zastave Kraljevine Nizozemske te Federalne Republike Njemačke. Gornja rukavica, nizozemska, je lijevo radi svojeg geografskog položaja, dok je njemačka rukavica ispod jer predstavlja težu (oklopne jedinice) i veću komponentu (2/3 su Njemci). Ispod toga je ispisano, bijelim slovima, COMMUNITATE VALEMUS "Zajednička snaga". Zelena boja podloge je uobičajena boja vojske, dok mač predstavlja i borbenu snagu jedinice i suverenitet dviju nacija.

Oznaka Nizozemskog djela

     This unit insignia is an OD shield, bordered yellow, which bears a sword, with a white blade and a yellow handpart, held by two gloves. The cuff of the left glove bears the colors of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, because the Netherlands lay geographically west of the Federal Republic of Germany. The right (German) glove is below the left (Netherland) glove due to the German element being much "heavier" (armor oriented) and that two-thirds of the soldiers came from the German Army. On the bottom is motto written in white letters: "COMMUNITATE VALEMUS" (United Strength). Color of the shield the represents the military nature of the corps and the sword represents both the combat power of the corps and the sovereingty of the two nations that comprises the corps.

OPERATION ALLIED FORCE   OPERACIJA SAVEZNIČKA SILA

      NATO-vo bombardiranje Savezne Republike Jugoslavije (Operation Allied Force; Operacija Saveznička sila) trajalo je od 24.03. do 01.06. 1999. godine. NATO je 24.03.1999. godine u 20 sati počeo zračne napade na vojne ciljeve u SRJ da bi se kasnije udari proširili i na gospodarske i civilne objekte. U napadima koji su bez prekida trajali 78 dana teško su oštećeni infrastruktura, gospodarski objekti, škole, zdravstvene ustanove, medijske kuće, spomenici kulture, crkve i manastiri. Ekonomski stručnjaci iz Grupe-17 procjenili su štetu na oko 30 milijardi dolara. Konačan broj žrtava službeno nije objavljen, a procjene se kreću između 1200 i 2500 poginulih i oko 5000 ranjenih. Napadi su završeni 10. 06. 1999., nakon potpisivanja vojno-tehničkog sporazuma o povlačenju jugoslavenske vojske i policije sa Kosova i Metohije. Intervencijom NATO snaga, Vojska Jugoslavije se povukla sa Kosova i Metohije, iako je ono ostalo dijelom Srbije. Međutim, 10 godina kasnije, Kosovo je proglasilo neovisnost što je i dalje predmetom raznih kontroverzi.

      The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the NATO's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The air strikes lasted from March 24, 1999 to June 10, 1999. The bombings continued until an agreement was reached that led to the withdrawal of Yugoslav armed forces from Kosovo. The Yugoslavs' narrative was that NATO's campaign was an illegal war of aggression as it did not have the UN Security Council's endorsement. The bombing killed about 1,000 members of the Yugoslav security forces in addition to between 1489 and 1528 civilians. It destroyed bridges, industrial plants, public buildings, factories, private businesses, power plants, water-processing plants. In the days after the Yugoslav army withdrew, over 164,000 Serbs and 24,000 Roma left Kosovo and many of the remaining non-Albanian civilians (as well as Albanians perceived as collaborators) were victims of abuse which included beatings, abductions, and murders. After 10 years Kosovo proclaim independance and still waitting to be fully recognize.  Less than 100 UN members recognize new state.

      Maslinove grančice i golubica su povezane sa misijom mira Međunarodnih snaga i promatrača. Obadvoje simbolizira nadu za mir u svijetu. Grančice su u obliku slova S što simbolizita sinajski poluotok.

      The olive branches and dove relate to the Multinational Force and Observers’ peaceful mission and the hope of peace throughout the world. The S-shaped configuration refers to the Sinai Peninsula as the place of service.

      Međunarodne snage i promatrači (The Multinational Force and Observers MFO) su međunarodne snage koje nadgledaju provođenje mirovnog ugovora između Egipta i  Izraela. MFO misija djeluje na Sinajskom poluotoku. 17. 09. 1978. godine Egipat i Izraela potpisuju kamp Davidski sporazum. Vijeće sigurnosti nije bilo u stanju osigurati vojne snage za provođenje nadzora, radi mogućnosti veta od strane SSSR-a, na traženje Sirije. Tada Egipat, Izrael i SAD „zaobilaze“ UN i sami, 03. 08. 1981. dogovaraju osnivanje ovih snaga. Do sada je u njima učestvovalo 13 zemalja.

      The Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) is an international peacekeeping force overseeing the terms of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. The MFO generally operates in and around the Sinai peninsula. On September 17, 1978, the Camp David Accords were signed by Israeli Prime Minister and Egyptian President under the sponsorship of United States President. The accords provided for a full Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. The President of the UN Security Council indicated that the UN would be unable to provide the force, due to the threat of a veto of the motion by the USSR at the request of Syria. Egypt, Israel and the US opened negotiations to set up a peacekeeping organization outside the framework of the UN. On August 3, 1981, the Protocol to the Treaty of Peace was signed, establishing the Multinational Force and Observers.

OPERATION "INHERENT RESOLVE" OPERACIJA "NASLIJEĐENA ODLUČNOST"

      Operacija "Naslijeđena odlučnost" (Inherent Resolve OIR) naziv je američke vojne operacije za međunarodnu vojnu intervenciju protiv ISIL-a, uključujući kampanje u Iraku i Siriji, s usko povezanom kampanjom u Libiji. Do 18. 09. 2018., III oklopni korpus američke vojske bio je odgovoran za kombiniranu zajedničku operativnu grupu - Operaciju Inherent Resolve (CJTF—OIR) i zamijenio ih je XVIII zračno-desantni korpus. Kampanju prvenstveno vode američke zračne snage kao potporu lokalnim saveznicima, među kojima su najistaknutije Iračke snage sigurnosti i Sirijske demokratske snage (SDF). Borbene kopnene jedinice, uglavnom specijalne snage i artiljerija, također su raspoređene, posebice u Iraku. Od zračnih napada, 75-80% izvela je vojska Sjedinjenih Država, a ostalih 20-25% Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo, Francuska, Turska, Kanada, Nizozemska, Danska, Belgija, Saudijska Arabija, Ujedinjeni Arapi Emirati, Australiju i Jordan.

      Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) is the U.S. military operation name for the International military intervention against ISIL, including campaigns in Iraq and Syria, with a closely-related campaign in Lybia. Through 18 September 2018, the U.S. Army's III Armored Corps was responsible for Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF—OIR) and were replaced by the XVIII Airborne Corps. The campaign is primarily waged by American air forces in support of local allies, most prominently the Iragi security forces and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Combat ground troops, mostly special forces and artillery, have also been deployed, especially in Iraq. Of the airstrikes, 75–80% have been conducted by the military of the United States, with the other 20–25% by the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Australia and Jordan.

      Na izvezenoj oznaci okruglog oblika promjera 3 inča (7,62 cm) nalaze se zeleni palmin vijenac i dvije dijagonalno ukrštene sablje s bijelim oštricama i zlatnim drškama i štitnicima koji sa vrhovima prema gore nadvisuju podnožje palminog vijenca. Između oštrica su tri žute petokrake zvijezde i sve je okružene tamnoplavim rubom od 1/8 inča (0,32 cm). Palmin vijenac je simbol časti; sablje ukazuju na dvostruku prirodu koalicije - poraz ISIL-a i obnovu stabilnosti na tom području. Tri zvjezdice označavaju zapovijed i zlatno su obojene zbog izvrsnosti. Plava boja označava kopnene, morske i zračne komponente vojske. Moto misije je: Jedna misija, mnogi narodi.

      On a buff circular shaped embroidered item 3 inches (7.62 cm) in diameter, a green palm wreath with the yellow hand guards and pommels of two diagonally crossed scimitars surmounting the base of the palm wreath with white blades, points up, between the blades three yellow five pointed stars, all encircled by a dark blue 1/8 inch (.32 cm) border.  The palm wreath is a symbol of honor; the scimitars indicate the dual nature of the coalition-the defeat of ISIL and the restoration of stability to the area.  The three stars indicate the command and are colored gold for excellence.  Buff and flag blue denote the land, sea and air components of the military. Motto of the mission is: One Mission, Many Nations.

      Operacija Artemis, formalno Snage EU u Demokratskoj Republici Kongo (EUFOR), bila je kratkoročna vojna misija pod vodstvom EU-a i odobrena od strane UN-a u DR Kongu tijekom sukoba u Ituri. Dana 30. 05. 2003. Vijeće sigurnosti UN-a donijelo je Rezoluciju 1484 kojom se odobrava upućivanje Privremenih multinacionalnih snaga za hitne slučajeve (IMEF) u Buniu sa zadaćom osiguranja zračne luke, zaštite interno raseljenih osoba u kampovima i civila u gradu. Vojne snage bile su iz Belgije, Brazila, Kanade, Francuske, Grčke, Južne Afrike, Švedske i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva. Osoblje u sjedištu dolazi iz Austrije, Cipra, Mađarske, Irske, Italije, Luksemburga, Nizozemske, Portugala, Španjolske i Njemačke.

      Operacija Artemis pokrenuta je 12. 06. i u sljedeća tri tjedna dovršeno je raspoređivanje snaga. Snage su bile uspješne u stabilizaciji situacije u Buniji i jačanju prisutnosti UN-a u DR Kongu. 01. 09. 2003. odgovornost za sigurnost regije predana je misiji MONUC. Operacija Artemis bila je misija pod vodstvom EU-a s Francuskom kao "vodećom nacijom" koja je osigurala većinu osoblja (900 od 1400 vojnika) i nadopunjena doprinosima zemalja EU-a i zemalja izvan EU-a. Snage su imale podršku francuskih zrakoplova baziranih na aerodromima N'Djamena i Entebbe. Dodana je i mala grupa švedskih specijalnih snaga (SSG - Särskilda skyddsgruppen) i FJS IK, pri čemu je potonja elitna posebno obučena četa iz švedske škole padobranaca.

      Operation Artemis, formally European Union Force Democratic Republic of the Congo (EUFOR), was a short-term EU-led UN-authorised military mission to the DR Congo during the Ituri conflict. On 30 May 2003, the UN Security Council adopted the Resolution 1484 authorising the deployment of an Interim Multinational Emergency Force (IMEF) to Bunia with a task to secure the airport, protect internally displaced persons in camps and the civilians in the town. Military forces were from Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Greece, South Africa, Sweden and United Kingdom. Headquarters staff comes from Austria, Cyprus, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Germany.

      Operation Artemis was launched on 12 June and the IMEF completed its deployment in the following three weeks. The force was successful in stabilizing the situation in Bunia and enforcing the UN presence in the DRC. On 1 September 2003, responsibility for the security of the region was handed over to the MONUC mission. Operation Artemis was an EU-led mission with France as the "Lead nation" providing the bulk of the personnel (900 of the 1400 troops) and complemented by contributions from both EU and non-EU nations. The force was supported by French aircraft based at N’Djamena and Entebbe airfields. A small Swedish Special Forces group (SSG - Särskilda skyddsgruppen) and FJS IK, the latter being an elite specially trained company from the Swedish Parachute Ranger School was also added.

      EUTM Mali (European Union Training Mission in Mali) je multinacionalna misija za vojnu obuku Europske unije sa sjedištem u Bamaku, Mali. 22 članice EU (Austrija, Belgija, Bugarska, Češka, Estonija, Finska, Francuska, Njemačka, Grčka, Mađarska, Irska, Italija, Latvija, Litva, Luksemburg, Nizozemska, Portugal, Rumunjska, Slovačka, Slovenija, Španjolska, Švedska) i 3 zemlje koje nisu članice EU (nisu članice EU: Gruzija, Moldavija, Crna Gora) angažirane su u ovoj misiji i poslale su vojnike u Republiku Mali.

      EUTM Mali (European Union Training Mission in Mali) is a European Union multinational military training mission headquartered in Bamako, Mali. 22 EU members (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden) and 3 non-EU countries (not members of the EU: Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro) are engaged in this mission and have sent soldiers to the Republic of Mali.

EU BATTLEGROUP  BORBENE GRUPE EVROPSKE UNIJE

      Borbene grupe Evropske Unije (European Union Battlegroup EUBG) su vojne jedinice sastavljene u skladu sa programon Zajedničke sigurnosne i obrambene politike (Common Security and Defence Policy CSDP) Evropske Unije. Zasnovane na doprinosima zemalja članica, svaka od 18 borbenih grupa sastoji se od formacije veličine bataljona (najmanje 1500 vojnika) ojačanih elementima borbene podrške. Grupe se redovno rotiraju pa su tako po dvije aktivne u svakom momentu. Ove snage su pod direktnom kontrolom Vijeća Evropske Unije (Council of the European Union). Svoju punu borbenu pripremljenost su postigle 01. 01. 2007. godine, ali do danas nisu učestvovale u borbenim akcijama. Grupe bi trebale biti raspoređene u zone borbenog djelovanja za 5-10 dana i trebale bi biti sposobne samostalno djelovati do 30 dana, a nakon dodatnog snadbijevanja do 120 dana. Ove se grupe smatraju najmanjom samodovoljnom vojnom jedinicom sposobnom za djelovanje u zoni operacija.

COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT BATTALION

Bataljon borbene podrške